Emotional, Behavioral, and Psychological Disturbances in...

Every year millions of children are abused and neglected worldwide. Child abuse is a global concern. It has severe outcomes on the children who are victims, and often the effects are long-lasting. Child abuse is a highly under-reported crime although of those reported, neglect accounts for the majority of child abuse cases (Pala, ÃÅ"nalacak, ÃÅ"nlà ¼oÄŸlu, 2011). Neglect in children often has more dire consequences than other types of child abuse (DePanfilis, Children’s Bureau, Office on Child Abuse Neglect, 2006). One consequence especially prevalent in neglected children is insecure or lack of attachment to a primary caregiver. John Bowlby’s research has shown the evolutionary importance of infant attachments, further research shows that†¦show more content†¦The Child Welfare Information Gateway adds unsatisfactory supervision to the types of neglect and maintains that physical neglect including medical neglect and abandonment is the most common form of neglect (DePanfilis, et al, 2006). Consequences of Neglect There are many immediate and long term effects that result from child neglect. Research by the Child Welfare Information Gateway indicates that the influence of neglect is often only immediately noticeable in severe cases of neglect; most effects of neglect go unobserved for years. Neglect becomes more obvious as the child ages and develops physically, intellectually, emotionally, and socially (DePanfilis, et al., 2006). There are a number of factors that influence the extent of the consequences of neglect. One major influence is the child’s age and developmental stage at the time of the abuse. Studies show that younger children (under age three) who experience abuse or neglect are far worse off than children abused at an older age (DePanfilis, et al., 2006). Dr. Jonathon B. Kotch and a team of collaborators looked at the effect early physical abuse and neglect had on later aggression. They found that neglect that occurred within two years of being born was the only predictor of aggression at ages four, six, and eight in their study. Neglect in older children and physical abuse at any age did not predict aggression (Kotch, etShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Wuthering Heights And The Poisonwood Bible1468 Words   |  6 Pagesis the abuse and neglect inflicted on children across the country. In literature, characters that experience maltreatment as children tend to fit the â€Å"underdog† mol d, for they are unable to stand against the wrongs dealt unto them until a later time or event when they are better suited to fight back; thereby gaining the reader’s sympathy and vote for eventual victory over their antagonist. In Wuthering Heights and The Poisonwood Bible, the victimized children lacked outside support from other membersRead MoreReactive Attachment Disorder ( Ptsd )1717 Words   |  7 PagesStressor-Related Disorder, and Unspecified Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorder (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Reactive Attachment Disorder is a fairly uncommon mental disorder where the child (onset is usually before age five) has severe disturbances in social relatedness with others (Seligman Reichenberg, 2014). This results in the child not turning to a primary caregiver (e.g. mother) for comfort, protection, or support. This behavior of not seeking support from a primary caregiver is relatedRead MoreEssay on Child Abuse and Neglect1710 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maltreatment of children is not a new phenomenon. It dates back far into history, even back to biblical times. During recent years child maltreatment has had an increase in the publics eye. There are many factors to child maltreatment. There are four general categories of child maltreatment now recognized. They are physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect and emotional maltreatment. Each category, in turn, covers a range of behavior. The maltreatment of children not only affects the children themselvesRead MoreChild Abuse Prevention And Treatment Act1351 Words   |  6 Pageshis physical and psychological well-being. At the Federal level, the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) describes child abuse and neglect as: â€Å"any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation, or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm.† Child abuse is a very substantial and widely spread problem in U.S. affecting children of any age, genderRead MoreThe Causes and Effects of Child Abuse952 Words   |  4 PagesMalaysia and due by many causes and effect to the children growing. Child abuse is the intentional and unexplainable neglect or infliction of Physical, Mental, or Sexual pain and suffering on a child. Susan Tan , Wealth Mastery Academy intern worker who wrote on article â€Å"Child Abuse Cases in Malaysia†, states, â€Å"The cases in Malaysia are getting serious; according to Social Welfare Department of Malaysia indicated each year at least 1,000 children in Malaysia are reported as victims† (Susan, T., 2010)Read More Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe motivating principle behind IDEA was to ensure an equal opportunity for all children. In order to affect that idea, we have to find a balance between all children’s needs. In 1975, came the passage of the federal Education of All Handicapped Children Act, now revised as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 1990). For handicapped children, the law was long overdue. The designers of IDEA saw themselves as progressive reformers, designing fairer, more responsive schools. TheRead MoreChild Maltreatment : A Historical Perspective1574 Words   |  7 Pagestime and place and the standing of which children hold within family and society. Child maltreatment as defi ned by the, includes physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, in addition to neglect (National Institution, 2011). Early childhood experiences create the basis for expression of intelligence, emotions, and personality (National Institution, 2011). When these experiences are predominantly negative, the stage is set for emotional, developmental, and behavioral problems that persist throughout lifeRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1488 Words   |  6 Pagesnot the physical, but those affecting the development of children in the medium and long term. Child abuse has been a conflict that has persisted since the peoples and civilizations of antiquity where the children used to perform sacrifices and rituals. However, according to this text, not so long ago that the company obtained control over the abuse of minors. In the United States an organization which is dedicated to helping homeless children and it was known as Child Welfare Movement was createdRead MoreBehavioral Theory : Rebt ( Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy )1382 Words   |  6 Pages Behavioral Theory: REBT Diana Herrera Saint Leo University ABSTRACT The current research paper will go into detail about the behavioral theory, REBT (Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy). REBT is a form of therapy that helps individuals replace negativeRead MoreAdult Separation Anxiety : A Psychological Condition1513 Words   |  7 PagesBright Evan Smith-Finney Amber Depew Brandon Eastwood CCBC Catonsville Psychology 103 April 3, 2015 Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder Separation anxiety disorder is â€Å"a psychological condition in which an individual has excessive anxiety regarding separation from places or people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment† (anxietypanichealth.com 2008). Individuals with this disorder typically become debilitating distressed when they are faced with actual or perceived separation from

Hawthorne Critiques Puritan Society in His Works, Young...

Nathaniel Hawthorne Critiques Puritan Society in His Works, Young Goodman Brown and The Scarlet Letter Many American writers have scrutinized religion through their works of literature, however none had the enthusiasm of Nathaniel Hawthorne. A handful of Hawthornes works are clear critiques of seventeenth century Puritan society in New England. Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown and The Scarlet Letter illustrate his assessment by showing internal battles within characters, hypocrisy in religious figures, atypical punishment for crimes, and accenting womens roles in Puritan society. Firstly, Hawthornes literature often stresses internal battles in main characters. In both Young Goodman Brown and The Scarlet Letter, these battles are†¦show more content†¦Seeing his fellow church members and his wife among women who were convicted and put to death for being witches makes Brown question himself. Yet, still Brown abhors transgression. Although he avoids Satan, however, he cannot forget how Satan influenced him with what he saw that night. He became a stern, a sad, a darkly meditative , a distrustful, if not a desperate man (Hawthorne 1244) and lived his life this way until death. Another internal conflict within a character is shown in The Scarlet Letters Arthur Dimmesdale. Perhaps one of Hawthornes most widely read works shows this battle most simplistically. In this tale, Hawthorne introduces us to Hester Prynne who has had a child by Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Hester could not hide her child, Pearl, and was disciplined openly for committing adultery. Meanwhile, Dimmesdale does not reveal that he is the father of Pearl because of his esteemed position as Reverend of the towns church. Since Hester technically is married to Chillingsworth, Dimmesdale has committed a sin. If a man commits adultery with another mans wife... both the adulterer and the adulteress must be put to death (Leviticus 20:11). He is torn between his desire to let the truth out and accept his sin and Pearl as his own or live knowing he cannot admit to his unlawful activity. This is anShow MoreRelatedEssay Sin, Guilt, and the Mind of Nathaniel Hawthorne1490 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Mind of Nathaniel Hawthorne      Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthornes works are notable for their treatment of guilt and the complexities of moral choices. Moral and religious concerns, in short, are almost always present in Hawthornes work(Foster, 56). Given Hawthornes background, it is not a stretch of the imagination to say that his novels are critiques of Puritanism. Hawthorne lived in the deeply scarred New England area, separated from Puritanism by only one generation. His grandfather had been

Thomas Jefferson Did He Live up to His Beliefs Free Essays

Thomas Jefferson did not fully live up to his beliefs, to the extent of the Louis Ana purchase and the issue on slaves. Thomas Jefferson was a simple man, a feeder list, whose beliefs included strict construction of the constitution, and that all men are created equal. Despite the fact the Jefferson built schools in order to give the poor CEQ al rights, he went against his beliefs surrounding slavery. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Jefferson: Did He Live up to His Beliefs? or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Document 2, Jeffery on States â€Å"Black men are pests†. He is saying that Black people are incapable of being as successful as whites, which directly contradicts his beliefs. Also, after he realize De he wouldn’t be able to change the rules on slavery, he kept his slaves on his plant action. Document 4 suggests that â€Å"Jefferson slaves were his property’. Both Dotcom .NET 4 and 5 talk about Jefferson grant of freedom to seven slaves. It talks about a s lave which he had an affair with, and her children, who were all given freedom. He only granted freedom to very few slaves, which proves he did not live up to his bell ifs. The Louisiana purchase was directed by a loose construction of the constitution, c monetary to Jefferson beliefs. It says in Document 6, † Nowhere in the constitution could J offers find mention of the purchase of land from foreign powers. † Presidents do not have this right to purchase such lands, yet Jefferson thought it wasn’t beyond his rights given in the constitution. How to cite Thomas Jefferson: Did He Live up to His Beliefs?, Papers

Entrepreneurship And Economic Growth Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship And Economic Growth. Answer: Introduction Entrepreneur is a person or an individual, who instead of working under someone as employee, runs some small business, by making an assumption of all the rewards as well as risks of a business venture. An entrepreneur of an organization is mainly seen as an innovator of ideas and strategies regarding any business. He/she is regarded as the business leader of the organization, playing an important role in the business economy (Aulet and Murray 2013). The main objective of this report is to highlight the point on how to become an entrepreneur and the qualities an entrepreneur should have. They have the necessary skills and innovative mind to take any business to a higher level. With the right decisions and opinions, an entrepreneur can earn economic profits (Bailetti 2012). The report gives a brief idea about the entrepreneurs role on starting an independent venture, a family business, a new corporate enterprise or a new franchise. It throws light on the four options by comparing and contrasting them. Furthermore, it discusses about a hypothetical business start up, a brief description of the industry and the type of entrepreneurship. It also includes the benefits and drawbacks of the above four options, with some recommendations. Discussion Entrepreneurship is being regarded as a critical component of economic growth and innovation. It is considered as an integral part in the growth of economic strategies of national and local governments across the world. Governments encourage the entrepreneurial ecosystems development, which commonly include venture capitalists, entrepreneurs and the government sponsored events in order to assist the entrepreneurs. Moreover, it may include the non-governmental organizations, like association of entrepreneurs and educational programs (Barringer 2012). Brief description of the Industry or the Market My plan is to start a costume jewelry business in Sydney. Different designs of earrings, necklaces, pendants and bangles will be manufactured. The products uniqueness and originality will differentiate it from the citys other jewelers, hence, attracting more customers. Taking the capital into consideration, the jewelry shop would be medium in size, initially. The customers will get to choose from a wide variety of costume jewelry offering. Moreover, they will have the facility to customize their favorite items, in accordance with their choice. The shops design highly matters in order to attract the target audience. Therefore, shop will be decorated with colorful lights all over, along with wall paintings and graffiti. All business organizations have various internal as well as external environmental forces which is impactful on its growth. It cannot be controlled by the business owners and themanagement teams and hence directly or indirectly affects the organization. The specific forces can be the competitors, customers, creditors, socio cultural organizations, national and international organizations, government, political parties and others. The above forces may affect the businesss progress and growth directly or indirectly. A business organization has some general and specific forces (Baum, Frese and Baron 2014). The general forces affect an individual firm indirectly and specific forces are the ones which affect an enterprise regularly, that is, on a daily basis. Moreover a business organization keeps changing, that is, it is dynamic in nature, be in the terms of technological improvement, change in the consumer or any new competitions entry in the market. In any business organization, there are uncertainties, as it is too difficult to predict the future happenings, especially when the changes are too frequent (Bridge and O'Neill 2012). Type of Entrepreneurship Starting a business is an important career step. The first and foremost step an individual needs to undertake before starting a new business venture is to decide what type of entrepreneur he/she wants to become. It is important to have a clear understanding on the type of business a person hopes to acquire. It can be an independent business or buying a franchise or a corporate enterprise. In my opinion, starting an independent venture is more beneficial than buying an existing one, as the business type fits my personal as well as business goals. The reasons why I would like to start my own business are listed in this report (Drucker 2014). Firstly, an independent business owner is his/her own boss, therefore, no risk of getting fired. He/she will have the freedom to change his/her products, services and business pattern anytime, based on the personal choices and desires, keeping in mind the fluctuating market conditions. Secondly, independent owners have the authority over their investment timings and decisions depending on the capital. Thirdly, independent business owners have the accessibility to expand their business anytime they want, after doing a detailed homework or research work regarding the background of the business. Even they can downsize their projects scope, as per their wish (Kelley, Singer and Herrington 2012). Fourthly, independent owners have certain advantages regarding their lifestyle, because they are in charge of their business. It is their choice when and where to work, as a result, they can spend quality time with their family whenever they want. If a person wants to run a business at his/her home, he/she will have the advantage of working anytime he/she wishes, eliminating the commuting time (Kirzner 2015). Fifthly, an independent business owner will have the chance in making more money, than being employed under someone. He/she will get more benefitted from the hard work. Moreover, independent owners have more learning opportunities from what they are doing along with several business functions. Last but not the least, as an independent business owner; one can really enjoy the creative freedom and satisfaction. He/she will be able to implement new ideas and skills, watching the business succeed (Koellinger and Roy Thurik 2012). Benefits and Drawbacks of various Entrepreneurship types There are both advantages and disadvantages of several entrepreneurial types. Those are discussed in this report. Independent Entrepreneurship Benefits: An independent business owner is his/her own boss, therefore, no chance of getting fired. Independent entrepreneurs can take all the decisions, depending on the business pattern and style. Authority over the investment timings, depending on the capital. Expansion of business anytime they want. They can select the site of their business and work as per their wishes. They can implement new ideas and skills, while having a creative freedom and self satisfaction as there is no baggage (Kuratko 2016). Drawbacks: Starting an independent business requires high commitment of energy and time. One needs to pour his/her heart into the company for its success. The success of the business totally depends on the entrepreneurs talent and skills. Delayed profitability, as brand recognition plays a major factor in this. Independent owners have limited financing; therefore, they may have higher costs of investment. The success rate is less in the beginning. Other factors like financial risks, stress, time commitment and undesirable duties such as firing people, proves to be disadvantageous for independent entrepreneurship (Sambharya and Musteen 2014). Family Business Benefits: There is a longevity and stability in the leadership pattern, which benefits the organization. The family position determines who will lead the business and how. There is a huge sense of accountability and commitment as the family needs are in stake. Longer term of commitment helps in adding more benefits to the organization. Better understanding and effective marketing and sales. Family members will perform different tasks for the progress of their business; therefore there will not be any flexibility issues or communication gaps. The long term perspective will make the family members take good strategic measures and decisions. There will be no employee cost, as the family members will be working at the firm (Schaper et al. 2014). Drawbacks: Conflict can happen anytime, which will mar the progress of the business. This Governance issues will occur; as a result it will create a miscommunication among the family members. Quarrels among the family members can often cause financial and legal trouble to the company. Lack of succession plans. If a family member lacks the desired quality, it will prove disadvantageous for the organizations success. Lack of discipline and poormanagement structure has negative influences on the business (Storey 2016). Corporate Enterprise Benefits: The resources are easily and readily available which gives them full accessibility to finances, strong sales force, existing brand, channels of distribution, strong customer base and others. High job security is there. Mistakes are not that costly as the company has the ability to absorb any failure. More number of employees can help in generation of new ideas and opinions. With the employees creative and innovative ideas, the organization can compete in the global market and generation of new products becomes easier. Create a good understanding among the workers as they work together to achieve a common goal (Tervo 2014). Drawbacks: The concept is fully owned by the company, where the employees are its mere puppets. Conflicts among the employees can mar the companys progress. Employees have to work, keeping in mind the companys policies and procedures. An employee cannot just implement his/her ideas without the companys approval. Lack of discipline and commitment among the employees will have a negative impact on the companys rapport. At times, the company may face high financial risks, which will impact the employees too (Urbano and Aparicio 2016). Franchisee Entrepreneurship Benefits: The investment costs are comparatively lower. Franchisee entrepreneurship has the advantage of brand recognition. It becomes easier in building a customer base. Raising finance is easier. Industry experience is not required in most of the cases. It helps in limiting the competition (Zahra and Nambisan 2012). Drawbacks: Even when it is an individuals own business, the profits are to be shared with franchisor. There are several restrictions on certain activities related to marketing. If seen from the perspective of ownership, franchisee entrepreneurship proves to be disadvantageous. It can affect the personality of the business owner, as he/she before taking any decision needs the franchisors approval. The business owner is not his/her own boss. The risk factor always works that the franchisor may go bankrupt (Aulet and Murray 2013). Buying an existing business or starting a new one Buying an existing business can be beneficial for a person as it is already generating profits and cash flow. Established and strong customer base as well as brand recognition. However, if the company has some negative impact or reputation, it will prove disadvantageous for the buyer. A thorough research work needs to be done before buying an existing business. At times, setting up of new workplace policies and procedures become difficult. There are times, when buying a company costs more than starting a new one. Buying an existing company may not satisfy the needs and desires of the buyer (Barringer 2012). Recommendations In my opinion, starting a new business is more beneficial. An independent business owner is his/her own boss, therefore, no risk of getting fired. Independent owners have the authority over their investment timings and decisions depending on the capital. Independent business owners have the accessibility to expand their business anytime they want, after doing a detailed homework or research work regarding the background of the business (Kirzner 2015). Even they can downsize their projects scope, as per their wish. They have certain advantages regarding their lifestyle, because they are in charge of their business. An independent business owner will have the chance in making more money, than being employed under someone. They have more learning opportunities from what they are doing along with several business functions (Drucker 2014). Conclusion To conclude, a companys main aim is to achieve the organizational goals and motives. The workplace policies vary from organization to organization. The objectives as well as the work flow helps in the growth of any organization. Marketing involves the distribution of products, its promotion as well as pricing. The marketing function also includes the digital marketing, as it is very important in modern days. It enhances the sales of the product and increases the profit amount, while promoting the brand on a global platform. Web technology improves the business marketing by helping it to reach the furthest corners. Online purchases help the business get international acclamation, but it should be checked and tracked on a daily basis to check whether the customers are facing any kind of difficulties or not. The implementation of new and innovative ideas helps in enhancing the business performance, which in turn, will help in achieving the business goals and targets. References Aulet, W. and Murray, F., 2013. A tale of two entrepreneurs: Understanding differences in the types of entrepreneurship in the economy. Bailetti, T., 2012. Technology entrepreneurship: overview, definition, and distinctive aspects.Technology Innovation Management Review,2(2), p.5. Barringer, B., 2012.Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New Ventures, (2012). Baum, J.R., Frese, M. and Baron, R.A. eds., 2014.The psychology of entrepreneurship. Psychology Press. Bridge, S. and O'Neill, K., 2012.Understanding enterprise: entrepreneurship and small business. Palgrave Macmillan. Drucker, P., 2014.Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Kelley, D.J., Singer, S. and Herrington, M., 2012. The global entrepreneurship monitor.2011 Global Report, GEM 2011,7. Kirzner, I.M., 2015.Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Koellinger, P.D. and Roy Thurik, A., 2012. Entrepreneurship and the business cycle.Review of Economics and Statistics,94(4), pp.1143-1156. Kuratko, D.F., 2016.Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, and practice. Cengage Learning. Sambharya, R. and Musteen, M., 2014. Institutional environment and entrepreneurship: An empirical study across countries.Journal of International Entrepreneurship,12(4), pp.314-330. Schaper, M.T., Volery, T., Weber, P.C. and Gibson, B., 2014.Entrepreneurship and small business. Storey, D.J. ed., 2016.Entrepreneurship and new firm. Routledge. Tervo, H., 2014. Starting a new business later in life.Journal of Small Business Entrepreneurship,27(2), pp.171-190. Urbano, D. and Aparicio, S., 2016. Entrepreneurship capital types and economic growth: International evidence.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,102, pp.34-44. Zahra, S.A. and Nambisan, S., 2012. Entrepreneurship and strategic thinking in business ecosystems.Business horizons,55(3), pp.219-229.

5 Errors in Treating Quotations

5 Errors in Treating Quotations 5 Errors in Treating Quotations 5 Errors in Treating Quotations By Mark Nichol When you quote another person, be sure to avoid these pitfalls of quotation format. 1. Sometimes, LaPierre said, The only thing to stop a bad guy with a gun is a good guy with a gun.† In this sentence, the writer has inserted the word sometimes, though the speaker did not utter it verbatim, into the sentence because the speaker intimated it in other words. Because it wasn’t actually spoken, however, it is placed outside the quotation marks. But the sentiment begins with sometimes, not the, so the quotation becomes a partial one and the is not capitalized: â€Å"Sometimes, LaPierre said, ‘the only thing to stop a bad guy with a gun is a good guy with a gun.’† 2. Alfred North Whitehead wrote that The best education is to be found in gaining the utmost information from the simplest apparatus.† A similar rule applies to an attribution (â€Å"so and so said/wrote/agreed†) that leads into the quotation without intervening punctuation; the quotation becomes part of a framing sentence, and the first word of the original quotation is not capitalized: â€Å"Alfred North Whitehead wrote that ‘the best education is to be found in gaining the utmost information from the simplest apparatus.’† 3. We knew, Jones says, that the company would eventually become a major competitor, but, without a relationship, we thought we were in danger of not achieving ubiquity.† In this sentence, the writer interjects the attribution into the midst of the quotation, which is standard procedure. However, the attribution should be delayed until a break between two clauses: â€Å"‘We knew that the company would eventually become a major competitor,’ Jones says, ‘but, without a relationship, we thought we were in danger of not achieving ubiquity.’† 4. Schools may be the last place,' Smith said, where the government is funding us to gather together into public forums to have conversations. We have got to protect that.† This sentence, like the previous example, suffers from premature attribution. Because there is no natural break in the sentence, the attribution should be inserted between the two sentences: â€Å"‘Schools may be the last place where the government is funding us to gather together into public forums to have conversations,’ Smith said. ‘We have got to protect that.’† 5. â€Å"In many ways, it’s like the cowboys against the Indians. But the cowboys are fully backed by the state, he said of the current situation. In this case, the attribution is delayed too long. In a quotation of two or more sentences, as in the previous example, place it between the first and second sentences: â€Å"‘In many ways, it’s like the cowboys against the Indians,’ he said of the current situation. ‘But the cowboys are fully backed by the state.’† (Note, too, how this arrangement strengthens the sentence because it ends with a serious punchline rather than a dry attribution.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Words with More Than One SpellingUsed To vs. Use ToCapitalizing Titles of People and Groups

Synonymy Definition and Examples

Synonymy Definition and Examples Pronunciation: si-NON-eh-mi Definition: The semantic qualities or sense relations that exist between words (lexemes) with closely related meanings (i.e., synonyms). Plural: synonymies. Contrast with antonymy. Synonymy may also refer to the study of synonyms or to a list of synonyms. In the words of Dagmar Divjak, near-synonymy (the relationship between different lexemes that express similar meanings) is a fundamental phenomenon that influences the structure of our lexical knowledge (Structuring the Lexicon, 2010). Examples and Observations The phenomenon of synonymy is a central interest for both the semanticist and the language learner. For the former, synonymy is an important member of the theoretical set of logical relations existing in language. For the latter, there is a good deal of evidence to suggest that vocabulary is often best acquired by analogy, in other words, remembered as being similar in meaning to previously acquired forms... In addition, what we might term definition through synonym is a central feature of most dictionary organisation (Ilson 1991: 294-6). For motives of stylistic variation, non-native learners and translators have a pressing need to find lexical alternatives to express a particular concept, especially in writing. Harvey Yuill (1994) found that searches for synonyms accounted for over 10 percent of dictionary consultations when learners were engaged in a writing task. However, given the rarity of absolute synonymy, learners also need to know which of the particular synonyms given by dictionaries and thesauruses is the most suitable for any given context.(Alan Partington, Patterns and Meanings: Using Corpora for English Language Research and Teaching. John Benjamins, 1998)​ The Productivity of Synonymy - The productivity of synonymy is clearly observable. If we invent a new word that represents (to some extent) the same thing that an existing word in the language represents, then the new word is automatically a synonym of the older word. For example, every time a new slang term meaning automobile is invented, a synonym relation is predicted for the new slang term (say, ride) and the standard and slang terms that already exist (car, auto, wheels, etc.). Ride does not need to be inducted as a member of the synonym set- no one has to say ride means the same thing as car in order for the synonym relation to be understood. All that must happen is that ride must be used and understood to mean the same thing as car- as in My new ride is a Honda.(M. Lynne Murphy, Semantic Relations and the Lexicon. Cambridge University Press, 2003)Synonymy, Near-Synonymy, and Degrees of Formality - It should be noted that the idea of sameness of meaning used in discussing synon ymy is not necessarily total sameness. There are many occasions when one word is appropriate in a sentence, but its synonym would be odd. For example, whereas the word answer fits in this sentence: Cathy had only one answer correct on the test, its near-synonym, reply, would sound odd. Synonymous forms may also differ in terms of formality. The sentence My father purchased a large automobile seems much more serious than the following casual version, with four synonymous replacements: My dad bought a big car.(George Yule, The Study of Language, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 1996) Synonymy and Polysemy - What defines synonymy is precisely the possibility of substituting words in given contexts without altering the objective and affective meaning. Inversely, the irreducible character of the phenomenon of synonymy is confirmed by the possibility of providing synonyms for the various acceptations of a single word (this is the commutative test of polysemy itself): the word review is the synonym sometimes of parade, sometimes of magazine. In every case a community of meaning is at the bottom of synonymy. Because it is an irreducible phenomenon, synonymy can play two roles at once: offering a stylistic resource for fine distinctions (peak instead of summit, minuscule for minute, etc.), and indeed for emphasis, for reinforcement, for piling-on, as in the mannerist style of [French poet Charles] Pà ©guy; and providing a test of commutativity for polysemy. Identity and difference can be accentuated in turn in the notion of partial semantic identity.So polysemy is defi ned initially as the inverse of synonymy, as [French philologist Michel] Brà ©al was the first to observe: now not several names for one sense (synonymy), but several senses for one name (polysemy).(Paul Ricoeur, The Rule of Metaphor: Multi-Disciplinary Studies in the Creation of Meaning in Language, 1975; translated by Robert Czerny. University of Toronto Press, 1977)

Data Privacy in Electronic Health Records System Essay

Data Privacy in Electronic Health Records System - Essay Example The data stored in the system are accurate and updated on regular basis and require data banks for that process. Patient’s state is captured, and his/her medical history can be retrieved at ease when needed by the medical personnel despite the density of the data at their end user. In that case, privacy and confidentiality become an issue (Fetter 409). The confidentiality is at risk because information may easily get into the third party who gets access to the network and hospital system. The information in the system can only be modified using one modifiable file this ensures data is correct and precise. On patients with long-term illness, their medical history can be retrieved, and his/her development studied for precise treatment depending on the development. Hacking and malicious intentions are the prominent problems. The systems can be hacked and patients medical information was stolen and used for unscrupulous deeds (Amatayakul and Amatayakul 45). Clinicians may also carelessly place their tablets or computers at insecure places where they can be stolen and patient’s information can be accessed disclosing the patient’s condition, which is always private and confidential, between the patient and clinician no third parties involved. In case of virus invasion on the system, all data may be lost leaving no records of patients especially the medical history, which is much far important as patient’s well-being is concerned. Illegal access to the system may cause more damage to patients since patients medical information can be exaggerated even changed leading to a wrong diagnosis and eventually wrong medications to patients. To curb the vice, the infrastructure platform should be supported by software designs with functionalities that prevent and avert the menace.  

Morris, note on sculpture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Morris, note on sculpture - Essay Example He was in the forefront of art movement in America which included process art and land art. His major works included â€Å"notes on sculpture†, anti-Form, creation of minimalist key exemplars like rectangular beams and cubes which had no figuration. I would characterize Morris’ status in art history as an influential art personality who changed the industry of art. This is due to his works that introduced indeterminacy and temporality in the field of art. According to Morris, (3), Morris defines the most fundamental components of sculpture as to include: mass which has to do with the bulk of the sculpture. This is important because it defines the sculpture’s edges the second one is space. This is that air around the given solid sculpture. It is important for linking separate sculpture parts and defines the sculpture edges. Additionally it can provide areas of emptiness in the sculpture when enclosed by a part of the very sculpture. Color, dimension, flatness and texture may also be some important elements of a sculpture including shape. Gestalt is a term used to refer to a pattern or configuration of elements that are unified as a whole. As such it implies some pattern. Morris used pyramids, cubes and polyhedrons that are regular to achieve this. He asserted that this forms when used can result in to one achieving a very strong sensation of Gestalt. Gestalt, thus he described to be patterns or even configurations that the whole is considered to produce greater significance that is better than when the parts are individually considered and are also different. Gestalt is generally the pattern brought by the whole and not an individual piece of the whole. Indeed Morris claims that sculptures exist in a situation and not as self-contained forms. This he asserts by arguing that sculptures communicate situations that the artist needed to depict (Morris, 17). As

Bioethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Bioethics - Essay Example This universal prescriptivism results in the form of consequentialism, claiming that the rightness of an action actually depends upon its consequences (Kuhse & Singer, 1999). Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill brought forward classical utilitarianism which states that an action is right if it leads to a greater surplus of happiness over misery than any possible alternative and wrong if it does not (Kuhse & Singer, 1999). By â€Å"greater surplus of happiness†, the classical utilitarian refers to the concept of accumulating all the pleasure or happiness that resulted from the action and deducting from that sum all the pain or misery resulting from the action (Kuhse & Singer, 1999).  Being a consequentialism, particularly a classical utilitarian, I would first of all find out and be completely assured that this was the surest and the only way of retaining enduring happiness to the entire mankind (Kuhse & Singer, 1999). Any utilitarian, keeping in mind the giant mission of achieving contentment of the world’s people would surely accept the job of being the architect of the happiness of the world at the cost of the child’s unexpiated t ears (Kuhse & Singer, 1999). We are already aware that in certain situations it might be possible only to lessen misery and hence the correct action should be realized as the one that will lead to less misery than other possible option.  While making any ethical judgment, it must be universalizable for hypothetical and real situations as well (Kuhse & Singer, 1999). At the time of making an ethical judgment, one is expected to put himself or herself in place of the parties involved and determine whether he or she can still accept that judgement. In this particular case, suppose the father is aware that the torture on his child is the only process left which guarantees the overall welfare of the people all around the globe.

Women Are Essentially Different Because Of Their Biology Sociology Essay

Women Are Essentially Different Because Of Their Biology Sociology Essay Gender is a range of characteristics of masculinity and femininity. It can refer to both sex (being male or female), social roles such as gender roles or gender identity. Gender and gender development originate from the moment of conception. When a female egg joins with a male sperm to for either a XY or XX chromosome pair, determining which developmental pathway will be taken (male or female). This will determine the physical sexual characteristics. Our sexual appearance as male or female has a significant and powerful influence on how we perceive ourselves and how others perceive us, which is essential when we later develop our gender identity (our inner sense of being male or female). Your gender determines your (expected) behaviour and the characteristics you are socialised into. However there are some disagreements of whether men and womens gender is resultant of their biology, or the socialisation process they have been through. This is also known as the nature vs. nurture argu ment, whether gender and your gender identities and roles are constructed biologically and naturally or through the effect that people in your life have had over you growing up. In this essay I will be discussing how gender can be explained from both the biological perspective and the social perspective in order to answer the question of whether sociology can in fact explain it. Clearly there is no doubt that females and males differ biologically, however do we form our gender roles according to the influence and ideas of our society, or do the biological predispositions outweigh the cultural influence? Biological psychology regards gender identity as a resultant from our biological processes. Gender differences are seen as resulting from sex differences. In other words, women and men act, think and feel differently because of differences in how their brains work. These brain differences may result from chromosomal differences and may also be the result of hormonal differences. Women and men produce different sex hormones in varying quantities. Besides affecting the functioning of various bodily organs (e.g. causing the menstrual cycle in women) these sex hormones appear to have an effect on behaviour. Testosterone, which is produced in greater quantities by men, affects several types of behaviour, some of which are regarded as typically male. For example, Dabbs et al (1995) found that violent offenders had higher testosterone levels than non-violent offenders and Coates et al (2008) found that financial traders with higher testosterone levels took greater risks. Women have higher levels of oxytocin than men. Some researchers have linked this to increased sociability. Oxytocin seems to affect the formation of bonds and attachments between people and Klaver et al (2009) found that higher levels of oxytocin are linked to improved memory for faces. Gorski et al (1985) injected female rats with testosterone for a period prior to birth. After they were born their appearance and behaviour was compared with a control group of females whose testosterone levels had been normal. The experimental group had masculinised genitals (e.g. an enlarged clitoris) and showed masculine behaviour (e.g. trying to mount other females). This showed that male sex hormones had both physiological and behavioural effects, in rats at least. It is clear from a range of studies involving humans and other animals that chromosomal and hormonal differences between males and females affect a range of masculine and feminine behaviours, which supports the biological view. The biological view of gender is supported by those cross-cultural studies that have found universal features of gender. For example, in all cultures studied, men are found to be more aggressive than women, which suggest an innate, biological difference. Similarly, Buss et al (1990) studied wha t women and men look for in a potential mate in a large number of cultures and found that whilst men consistently prioritised youth and physical attractiveness, women placed a higher premium on wealth and status. These differences may reflect biological differences between women and men that have arisen because of evolutionary processes. The definition of gender states that it is typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones. It can be argued that gender is the socially constructed expectation placed on a person as a result of their sex. We are born male and female but this does not make us a guy or a girl. Femininity and masculinity do not come from our genetic make-up, therefore the distinction between boy and girl is taught. If this was not the case then surely in every culture and society, every male and female would have the same masculinities and femininities? In 1935 Margaret Mead conducted a field trip to Papua New Guinea for 2 years in attempt to discover what extent temperamental differences between the sexes were culturally determined rather than innate. Mead found a different pattern of female and male behaviour in each of the cultures she studies which were different from gender role expectations in the US at that time. Among the Arapesh the temperament for both females and males was gentle, responsive and cooperative. The Mundugumor (now Biwat), both males and females were violent, aggressive, seeking power and position. For the Tchambuli (now Chambri), males and females temperaments were distinct from each other. The women were dominant, impersonal, and managerial. The men were less responsible and more emotionally dependant. Through this study Mead separated biologically-based sex from socially constructed gender, demonstrating how individuals gender roles were part of our socialization process as if this was not the case, each o f the tribes she studied although they were not close to each other, would have the same gender roles. Findings like this suggest that even though biological factors influence gender behaviour, they are heavily modified by learning. Parental influences have a significant role in the formation of our gender roles. From the very first day of our lives, boys and girls are treated differently. Parents perceive boys to be stronger and rougher than girls, and girls to be prettier and more delicate than boys. Parents hold boys closer to their body than they do girls. They hold boys closer to their body and spend more time verbalizing and cooing to girls than boys. Parents are acting on their stereotypes of male and female behaviour. Myers (1995) suggests that gender socialisation gives girls roots and boys wings. This suggests that girls are socialised to stay at home and boys are socialised to have adventures. Studies of childrens books over the last 50 years have shown that girls are four times more likely to be shown using household objects (e.g. pots and pans) than boys who are five times more likely to be shown using production objects (e.g. machinery) than girls (Crabb Beilawski 1994). The result is, according to a United Nations study (1991) everywhere cooking and dishwashing are the least shared household chores and everywhere, woman do most of the household work. These expectations define gender roles. Lytton Romney (1991) found that there was a significant difference in terms of encouragement of sex-typed play activities which reinforces the fact that girls and boys are treated differently from a young age. Will et al (1976) gave a boy aged 6 months to adults who he then observed whilst they played with the infant. The child was presented in sex-typed clothes, half the adults met the boy dressed in pink and known as Beth and half met Adam dressed in blue. Three toys were available: train, doll and fish. They found the doll was most often passed to Beth and she got more smiles, showing the typical gender stereotypes. Smith Lloyd (1978) extended this study and found that boys were most likely to be handed a toy hammer whilst girls were given a doll, as well this, the boys were encouraged in physical action more than girls. Parents were also found to give more positive non-verbal responses to their 18-23 month-old children for picking up toys when the selected object was sex approp riate and a more negative response if the object was associated with the opposite sex (Caldera et al 1989). Children are differentially reinforced with smiles and praise for the kinds of activities associated with their sex. Fagot (1978) found that girls were positively reinforced for activities such as dancing, dressing up and assisting with domestic tasks whilst boys were reinforced for more gross motor activities. To parents, gender is important. Behaving and acting in a way that fits with the femininities and masculinities that come with being a boy or girl. Facially and behaviourally it is often difficult to tell the different genders apart, especially with young babies, this leads to parents dressing their children differently, for example the tradition of girls in pink and boys in blue (Jackson 1992). Although parents play a significant part in the formation of gender roles, the effect of the media must not be underestimated. Of the many influences of the portrayal of men and woman, the media is the most persuasive and one of the most powerful, woven throughout our daily lives and putting ideas and messages into our conscience at every turn. A primary way that the media distort reality is through underrepresenting women. In prime-time television there are 3 times as many white men as woman (Barsow 1992), or in childrens programs in which males outnumber females by two to one, or newscasts in which woman make up 16% of news-casters in which stories about men are included 10 times more often than ones about woman (Study Reports Sex Bias, 1989). This constant distortion persuades and tempts us to believe that there are more men than women and further to this that men are the cultural standard. According to J.A. Doyle (1989) childrens television often portrays males as dominant, aggressive and engaged in exciting activities in which they get rewards from others for their masculine accomplishments. Television programmes for all ages disproportionally show men as serious, competent, powerful and with a high status position. Highly popular films such as Lethal Weapon, Die hard and all of the James Bond films star men who embody the extreme stereotype of masculinity, reinforcing the long-standing cultural ideals of masculinity with men being tough, sexually aggressive, unafraid, violent and totally in control of all emotions. In no way feminine. On the other hand, males are also underrepresented in many ways through the media. J.D. Brown and K. Campbell (1986) point out that they are typically represented as incompetent at homemaking, cooking and childcare. Each seasons new adverts for cooking and cleaning supplies include several that capture and portray men as incompetent foo ls, who are clumsy and no better at taking care of children. Media images also reflect cultural stereotypes of woman. Media has created two images of woman: good and bad. Good women are pretty, deferential, and focused on home, family and caring for others. Subordinate to men, they are normally cast as victims, angels or loyal wives and helpmates. The other image of women in the media offer us an evil homebody, being seen as a witch, bitch or sexual character who is represented as hard, cold aggressive, all the things a good woman is not meant to be. A good example of this bad woman character is Alex in Fatal Attraction who is an extreme version of how bad women are generally portrayed. In childrens literature, we encounter witches and mean stepmothers as villains, with beautiful passive females like Snow White and Sleeping Beauty as their good counterparts. These reinforce the social norms for the role of being male or female, from a young age and throughout individuals lifes. Having seen the Medias stereotypical portrayals of woman and men, we find that the relationship between both sexes is similarly portrayed in ways that reinforce stereotypes, starting with womens dependence and mens independence. The Little Mermaid significantly highlights females dependence on males for identity, with the Little Mermaid giving up her identity to be accepted by her lover. Analysis of MTV revealed that it portrays females as passive and waiting for mens attention, while males are shown ignoring, exploiting and directing women (Brown, Campbell Fisher, 1986). In rap music videos and many advertisements, womans primary roles appear to be objects of male desires. Manifesting male dominance and female subservience. Men are usually shown positioned above women and women are more frequently pictures in varying degrees of undress. The media often uses gender as a tool for comedy. The television series Two and a Half men is almost completely about gender, and represents women as objects of sexual pleasure for the main character. Even the theme song men, men, manly men foreshadows the overall theme of gender stereotypes. The final 2 significant ways the media portrays women and men is with mens authority and womens incompetence and woman as the primary caregivers and men as breadwinners. One of the most persuasive ways in which the media do this is through commercials. Woman are shown routinely anguishing over dirty floors and bathrooms only to be relieved of their distress when Mr Clean shows up and tells them how to keep their homes spotless. Magazines play a key role in promoting pleasing others as a primary focus of womens lives. K. Pierces study (1990) found magazines aimed at women stress looking good and doing things to please others. Telling women how to be me, only better by dyeing their hair to look younger, how to lose weight so youll still be attractive to him and how to prepare gourmet meals so hes always glad to come home. Constantly these advertisements emphasize pleasing others, especially men, as central to being a woman and the message is lined with the warning that if a woman fails to look good and please, her man might leave (Rakow, 1992). In conclusion it can be argued that sociology will never fully be able to define gender as we are born with certain biological traits that will always be there and unarguably play a part in our gender. However in answering what gender is, there is constant recognition of our gender roles that come with our gender. The masculinities and femininities of being a man or a woman. These are significantly influenced by our exposure to certain socialisation tools starting at a young age with our parents to then being influenced by numerous external forces throughout our lives such as the media. Sociology is not able to provide a clear definition of our gender as it is primarily biological but gender could be seen as irrelevant without our gender roles which come with our sex, which in theory sociology can help explain and define.

Why did King Victor Emmanuel II invite Mussolini to power in October 1 :: essays research papers

"Fascism...was a super-relativist movement with no fixed principles, ready for almost any alliance." (Denis Mack Smith in 'Mussolini' - 1981) Background Italian unification was in 1861, from this point up until Mussolini came into power in 1922 Italy was ruled by 'parliamentary liberals.' Liberals had never solved the problems of the economically backward South, therefore they were resented there. It can be suggested that the liberal regimes did little to raise the standard of living for the majority of Italians. Mussolini was a 'renegade socialist' with a strong desire for power. His aims and doctrine were difficult to pin down. He was intolerant and embraced violence, therefore diametrically opposed liberalism. Mussolini's Rise to Power Mussolini's fascist regime (an extreme change for the nation from years of liberalism) took control without any substantial opposition. There were many factions in Italian politics who absolutely opposed fascism but a 'united front' was never formed as the Communists, Socialists and the Catholics had too many unresolved differences with each other. They were too busy arguing amongst themselves to agree to fight fascism together, the one way they could defeat it. D'Annunzio's regime in Fiume had openly defied the liberal government and had been well supported by military officers and sections of the ruling classes. Mussolini witnessed this popular appeal to nationalism with great interest. Mussolini realised towards the end of 1920 that he had to make deals with certain parts of his opposition in order to succeed in parliament. Mussolini embraced the political right (despite his left wing background) as he knew it would unite his own party whose strength would appeal to many in Italy who had completely lost faith in the weak liberal government. Mussolini was an opportunist who gained the support of different parties with calculated concessions. For example, before the election of May 1921 he made 'conciliatory gestures' towards the Catholic Church. His turn away from the left had meanwhile also attracted many liberals who feared a Marxist revolution more than anything. Thus, as Mussolini looked like restoring the proper rule of law (rather than instigating a revolution) they began to see his accession as not so awful after all. He appealed to the Conservatives by assuring them that he was primarily in favour of the concepts of war and empire with far less emphasis on revolutionary tendencies. Mussolini had originally been a Republican but in a speech on the 20 September 1922 he 'grudgingly' accepted the monarchy. He knew that he must do this to get to power as although many in the military supported him their primary allegiance was to the throne.

Merck Ethics Essay

In developing a drug to combat river blindness, pharmaceutical company Merck discovered an opportunity to treat millions of affected peoples around the world that probably would never see commercial use. The drug in development, ivermectin, was unaffordable to the primary victims of river blindness, Third World peoples. Thus, Dr. Vagelos, the head of research at the time, treaded upon a ethical quagmire; he could either choose to scrap the drug and its further research or he could spend millions more on a drug destined for financial failure. In accordance with Merck’s company direction at the time, Dr. Vagelos understood that the purpose of the company was to serve people and that profits result from the fulfillment of this primary purpose. As such, Dr. Vagelos not only pushed for further research on the drug, but decided when he became CEO to offer the drug, now Mectizan, for free to all affected individuals. Dr. Vagelos decision fulfills all four of Fleming’s principles of ethics. In general, his decision reflects Fleming’s definition of ethics, which is a â€Å"standpoint from which all persons have a special dignity or worth.† The choice to make the drug available for free is utilitarian, as the number of affected individuals worldwide greatly outweigh the number of negatively impacted stockholders. In doing so, Dr. Vagelos choice also illustrates his belief that people are entitled to the right of humane treatment by others. Similarly, his choice reveals every person’s obligation to protect and ensure these rights. Dr. Vagelos decision is also just and fair, in that all members of a group (in this case, the human race) are to be treated with equal benefits.

Government NY Times Article Summary on Media Coverage on Democratic Rivals essays

Government NY Times Article Summary on Media Coverage on Democratic Rivals essays In her recent New York Times article, Katherine Seelye reports that certain aspects of media coverage about the respective Democratic rivals for their partys Presidential nomination has changed in the last week. Previously, many believed that Senator Barack Obama had assumed a significant lead over Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton, due in part, to the different way they have been portrayed and scrutinized by the media. Likewise, some observers credit the February 23rd episode of NBCs Saturday Night Live with helping change some of the different ways the media have been covering the two Senator Clinton had already been complaining that the media were scrutinizing and criticizing her much more harshly than her opponent and taking a gentler approach to Senator Obama. The television skit caricatured the difference between the their respective treatment by reporters and many believe that combined with Ms. Clintons aggressive complaining about it, may account for some of the changes in coverage since The Project for Excellence in Journalism uses empirical studies to evaluate news media; their recent study of this issue included almost 50 different news sources such as cable television, newspapers, radio, network television, and Internet websites. Their conclusions was that the percentage of media stories critical about Mr. Obama had previously been much less than those critical of Ms. Clinton, but that the situation has changed considerably in the last two weeks. Mr. Obama has now had to respond to several inquiries into supporters of his linked to criminal activity. In general, media coverage about the political race has also declined, which some observers believe reflects the fact that Obama has been projected as a heavy favorite; others suggest it may have more to with the fact that no political primarie ...

Diverse Hispanic American Groups

Diverse Hispanic American Groups Free Online Research Papers The four groups Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans and South Americans have been chosen for identifying the linguistic, political, social, economic, religious and familial conventions and way of life of these different Hispanic groups living in the U.S. All these groups are from different regions but have been placed in one category due to the similarity of their language. The base is Spanish but the accent and the meaning of certain words are different. Two groups; Mexican Americans and South Americans, even though they are the same region have different dialects as well. Mexican Americans The Mexican American population is the largest minority group in America. The Census Bureau data shows a record of over 35 million as of March 2005 (legal and illegal). The Mexican Americans come from all over Mexico resulting in a wide variety of linguistic varieties amongst them. Mexico’s language is derived from Spanish but varies from different regions in Mexico. A majority of Mexican Americans do not speak Spanish at all, native born mainly. The Mexican American population is very much into the political civil rights in America. They are active in many civil rights movements, from workers rights to voting rights. The social status of the Mexican Americans is poor due to the majority not having an education. Alba (2006) states that, a very low level of Mexican-American educational advancement beyond high school, regardless of generation. Because of the poor education, economically the Mexican Americans are behind White Americans. A writer for the Public Policy Institute of California writes Substantial education and wage deficits persist between people of Mexican descent and other Americans. Third generation Mexican Americans in California average a year and a half less schooling and about 25 percent lower wages than non-Hispanic whites. (Grogger, 2002, p.132) PUERTO RICANS Puerto Rico has one of the most dynamic economies in the Caribbean region. Plantation sugar production dominated Puerto Ricos economy until the 1940s. Recently the economy has suffered budget cuts from U.S. The Puerto Rican economy has depended heavily on the tax incentives given to U.S. mainland companies and on federal transfers. In 1993, President Clinton aimed to cut the Section 936 tax exemption for U.S. companies and introduced legislation to Congress to replace it with a more modest tax credit linked to wages paid by those companies in Puerto Rico rather than to profits. However, the economy of Puerto Rico has benefited greatly from US investment. It is one of the healthiest economies in the Caribbean with a diverse industrial sector and an important tourist industry. Only a very small percentage of the labor force works in the agricultural sector (coffee, sugarcane, pineapples, bananas, plantains and dairy products) whilst much larger numbers are employed in industries incl uding electronics, pharmaceuticals, clothes and food products. The people of Puerto Rico represent a cultural and racial mix. During the early 18-century, the Spaniard in order to populate the country took Taino Indian women as brides. Later on as labor was needed to maintain crops and build roads, African slaves were imported, followed by the importation of Chinese immigrants, then continued with the arrival of Italians, French, German, and even Lebanese people. Spanish and English are both official languages in Puerto Rico although not everyone speaks English and Christianity is the main religion in Puerto Rico; a high percentage of the people are Roman Catholics. There is also a small Jewish community. Santeria, an Afro-Caribbean religion, is practiced by some Puerto Ricans. Puerto Ricans have many similar rights as any other U.S. citizen. Puerto Ricans cannot vote for the president even though they are citizens of the United States. They are excluded from paying federal income tax also. Though some of the privileges associated with citizenship have been withheld from Puerto Ricans, they are allowed ?unrestricted U.S. Migration?[which has] made New York city the one place with the most Puerto Ricans anywhere in the world (over one million) This immigration privilege is something many Hispanics would love to have. Cuban Americans, particularly in the Miami vicinity, tend to be considerably further cautious politically than other Lat ino groups and shape a dominant voting obstruction for the Republican Party in the political arena. Cuban Americans Cuban Americans are often affiliated politically with Jewish Americans while Puerto Ricans have similar affiliations with African Americans. Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans are apt to favor liberal nominees in national and state elections while Cuban Americans are notorious for their powerful conservative ethics. As the Puerto Rican community becomes more educated, political activity expands. Further circumstances like the advent of bilingual programs, the steady arrival of certain kind of religious organizations, and the appointment of politically productive officials make it easier and beneficial to take part in the political process. South Americans The Salvadorians civilians that reside in the U.S. do not seem any different from how they live in their homeland. To begin they left their life behind to move out of the struggle. Since the civil war El Salvador by force had to witness the drastic between two government parties. The politics, economy and society changed with a heavy impact that causes the country to breakdown its structure normal living. Because the U.S. got involve helping defeat the communist party by giving military weapons and also letting American soldiers to fight in combat. Help from the U.S. is what given a very supportive reason why El Salvador no longer holds colones. (Salvador money) they now use U.S. dollars to pay off their debts. They have shown minor progress to influence them to move forward from immigrant status to U.S. citizens. The Hispanic American population has had to overcome many obstacles in their history. Although each individual group within the Hispanic American culture has its own distinct cultural identity, they seem to all be labeled Hispanic Americans because of the commonality of their language. In fact, each group may speak Spanish, but they each have their own dialect of the language, and many times their common words have different meanings. Most of the family structures and religious practices are also different. Doing this assignment helps to understand that not everyone is the same just because they are the same color. Research Papers on Diverse Hispanic American GroupsThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL analysis of IndiaResearch Process Part OneInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyDefinition of Export Quotas

Enviroment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enviroment - Research Paper Example There are varying sources of carbon dioxide especially the quantities found in the earth’s atmosphere. For example, environmentalists put the number at about 391 ppm (parts per million). Similarly, there is volcanic gassing, burning of fuels, combustion of organic matter and power generation that result to the excessive release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (Kemp 145). Other sources of carbon dioxide are cited as natural especially the decomposition of organic matter found in the grasslands and the forests. There is also notable emission of the gas into the environment from the respiration existing aerobic organisms. There are several effects of carbon dioxide in the environment in respect to the health of human beings and the immediate environment. For instance, in terms of positive effects, there are plant growths especially during the photosynthesis and transpiration processes. However, the negative effects supersede the positive such as the increase of the earth temperature. This eventually leads to global warming that finally leads to acidic rain. In other words, there is a mix of rainfall of carbon dioxide that comes in form of smoke from burning charcoal. On that account, the acidic rain affects crops by depositing acids especially in the oceans when it ends up poisoning sea creatures (McMichael & World Health Organization 145). In other words, the carbonic acid also affects crops by burning their leaves leaving traces of elements such as zinc and lead. The increase in earth temperatures also results to the warming of water bodies such as lakes, seas and rivers hence affecting creatures t hat have a direct dependence on water bodies. In the same view, there are also anthropogenic health risks of carbon dioxide that are paramount apart from the environmental effects. These are the human impacts of the gas upon the biophysical environments and other biodiversity resources.

Levis Advertising Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Levis Advertising Analysis - Research Paper Example The advertisement illustrates a young buyer, with a less-dapper appearance, engaging in environmental connection by crawling through mountainous grasslands, clearly enjoying the experience with natural lifestyle. Using Levi’s Jeans as the appropriate clothing for this type of activity, it illustrates how the brand attempts to connect to naturalism, spontaneity, and in some degree rejection of urban lifestyle. Levi’s is working as the catalyst product to help youths who are either frustrated with urbanism and the fast-paced lifestyle of large city living or to remind consumers that Levi’s is the most appropriate brand for natural living because of its rich history during a historical period of development in the nation. Levi’s relies heavily on its brand equity for its very long history of product achievements and brand preference, which is illustrated by the type of consumer that most largely uses Levi’s products. People who are in their 20s and early 30s are experiencing what psychologists refer to as a quarter-life crisis, growing more frustrated with mundane and mediocre lifestyles (Macrae 1). Levi’s understands its buyer market preferences, those who get proverbially lost in the shadows of society in large urban environments with high populations and extremely diverse lifestyles associated with music, entertainment and outward socialization. Thus, Levi’s attempts to illustrate that it can serve as a motivator for individuals who want to break free from this mundane living and reconnect with their individualism, traditionalism, and natural preferences.

Saudi newspapers Al Riyahd and Alwatan Dissertation

Saudi newspapers Al Riyahd and Alwatan - Dissertation Example Decisive Storm, in the name of defending civilization, legitimacy, and humanity. Communication theorists have taken great interests in studying further the concept of framing theory in mass media. This is particularly because there is quite confused as to how this theory can be characterized in the theoretical and empirical perspective. In the earlier studies as that of Iyenger & Kinder (1987) and finally in McCombs, Shaw, and Weaver (1997), framing theory did not have much distinction between the concepts of agenda-setting theory. Agenda-setting theory is a communication concept, â€Å"which focuses directly on how media coverage leads to changes in the importance of different considerations†. Scheufele (1999) and another study DeVreese (2005), however, agrees that the framing concept has inconsistency in its application, especially in identifying the frames projected in the media. In a more developed study of Scheufele along with his colleague Tewksbury, the authors furthere d the distinction between Framing, Agenda Setting, and Priming based on how the progress of studying mass media effects. A most recent review from Borah (2011) expresses the even more pressing issues in the conceptual debates of framing theory. Amidst the vagueness of the concept of framing theory, this research considers how this theory can still explain the context of the effects of news on the audience. The framing theory encompasses the origin, evolution, presentation, and effects of frames (Tewksbury & Scheufele, 2009).

Prisoner Rehabilitation Essay Example for Free

Prisoner Rehabilitation Essay The rising inmate population and overcrowding in prisons is a problem. A lot of this problem comes from repeat offenders who have had a lack of prison rehabilitation. People have two different views about the prison system. The first is that prisons are jails and that everyone in the jails should suffer for their crimes. They feel since they are criminals and do not abide by the rules of society they should not be able to become part of a society. Others view prisons as correctional facilities where prisoners can accept their mistakes and be rehabilitated, eventually being assimilated. I feel that that jails are from criminals such as rapists, murders and other criminals that clearly will never be able to accept the rules society and show no hope of being rehabilitated. On the other hand I feel that some criminals see the light of there mistakes while in prison and want to move on and hopefully never return to prison. But prisoners loathing for prison alone cannot guarantee prisoners to not end up in the same position once free. Prisoners need to be cured in more ways than fearing punishment. I feel these prisoners need to be rehabilitated to the point that at the end of there sentence they realize that committing crimes is only a way out and feel they will not fall back into a life of crime and be ready to enter society as a free man with some aspirations of a law abiding life. But usually this never happens because of the way prison rehabilitation is. Prison Rehabilitation is mostly the experience of prison itself where you go in to a place that makes you live around criminals and never get out of the criminal mind state and never can grow to realize your mistakes and move on in your life. Towards the end of your sentence there is usally no help to integrate back into society at all, which is the most critical time for help. It seems to me that during the last years of a prisoner who has a good prison records sentence they should be eligible to enroll in correctional prisons that werent required to be paroled but provided a alternative to jail and provided you with not only more freedoms than jail but an opportunity to make it a smaller step into the real world than coming right from jail. This correctional facility soul purpose would be to rehabilitate while still providing similar jail atmosphere. It would be mandatory to take high school or college classes or be trained in certain vocational areas where your grades would determine eligibility. Along with these classes there would be a series of other classes that would integrate you back with society. This would be totally up to the prisoner to maintain and get the most out of this because that is what you have to do to succeed and be rehabilitated.

Introduction to Immunoglobulins: Structure and Research

Introduction to Immunoglobulins: Structure and Research Basharat ali OVERVIEW OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS INTRODUCTION The immunoglobulins or antibodies are a group of proteins present in the serum and tissue fluids of all mammals. Antibodies are produced by cells (B type) on interaction of membrane antibody with antigens. Secreted antibodies moves in the blood; and serve as the effectors of humoral immunity by neutralizing antigens. They therefore also constitute an element of the adaptive immune system. Secreted antibodies circulate in the blood stream where they acts as the effectors of humoral immune response by searching and neutralizing or eliminating antigens. The immunoglobulins are present in highest concentration and most easily obtained in large quantities from blood serum. The antibodies produced are specific to each of the epitope. BASIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN STRUCTURE PROCEDURES OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN MEASUREMENT: The development of Molecular Biology and production of mono-clonal antibodies have allowed us tohave diagnostic tools with a great sensitivity and specificity. They are known as KITS, which are both easy and simple to use and read. The techniques developed in recent years are: Among the above methods available now, we can point out,those that have more possibilities of performing serologic studies on a large scale level, and without the need of highly technical resources. The popular methods used are: ELISA IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFERENCE OR WESTERN BLOT INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCEOR IMMUNOPEROXIDASE SERONEUTRALIZATION ELISA: Few types of ELISA are used for the detection of ANTIGENS and ANTIBODIES. So far the following types of ELISA are used for the detection of specific antibodies: INDIRECT ELISA. COMPETITIVE ELISA. INDIRECT ELISA It is the common method used for antibody detection.It involve thecoating of the ELISA plate with the antigen against the specific Ig’s that may be present in the serum. The antigens can be from viral or bacterial product, and or even whole virus molecules. It is more common to use only those proteins with immunological interest, instead of using all the antigenic mixture.Thenext steps will include the addition of serum, incubation and washing;addition of the conjugate, incubation and washing and at last, the addition of the substrate, stopping the reaction and reading the results. COMPETITIVE ELISA This technique is also very common for the detection of specific antibodies. We have an I.G (monoclonal of polyclonal) of a known antigen. This antigen has previously been bound to the plate.It is known as competitive ELISA because the serum is incubated with the antigen previous to its incubation with the antiserum bound to the plate. Therefore, both compete for the antigen. IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFERENCE / WESTERN BLOT Immunoelectrotransference, Immunoblotting or western blotis an immune-enzymatic technique used for the detectionof specific antibodies.This method is recommended whenever it is necessary tostudy a large number of sera which have not given proper results using other techniques. Fig. Required objects to perform Immunoelectrotransference Technique:antigen-nitrocellulose sheets, PBS tampon, +ve / -ve control sera, conjugate, substrate solution and plastic plate. In order to obtain the antigen-nitrocellulosesheets, proteins are first separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Later, these proteins are electrically transferred from the gel to the nitrocellulose sheets. These sheets are then cut and will act as the antigen substrate. Each one of these pieces are then incubated with the test sera and washed. Then, a labelled anti-immunoglobulin (IgG or IgM) is added. If there is any antibody bound to the antigenic protein, they will be revealed by the addition of the conjugate.One or more specific precipitation lines will be observed depending on the existence of specific Ig’s against one or more proteins. It is a very sensitive and easy technique to perform and to understand. No special equipment is needed. This technique is especially for the study of small numbers of sera.As it does not require special tools, it is possible to perform it in laboratories with little equipment. Fig. The last step of the method. We can observe thedifferent lines where testand control serum have reacted. INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCEOR IMMUNOPEROXIDASE Indirect immunofluorescence or immune-peroxidase are techniques that use the specifity of histology and the sensitivity of the immunological methods. These techniques usually involve the use of cell cultures infected with the virus or bacteria from which we need to know whether or not the unknown sera have antibodies. In the case of Ig’s being present in the unknown sera, after an incubation period, those antibodies will bind to the infected cells. This reaction can be observed with a fluorescence or ordinary microscope after the addition of an anti-immunoglobulin labelled with peroxidase respectively. Fig. Indirect immunofluorescence technique. Mammalian cells infected by the swine fever virus. Antibodies bound to the infected cells can be seen, the areas of the cell with higher viral replication have more bound Ig’s and therefore, a higher light intensity. SERONEUTRALIZATION This method is known asthereference method for every serological study. The use of this technique has made it possible to measure the capability of Ig’s present in the test sera of neutralizing the biological activity of an antigen. Inseroneutralization, we go a step further, and the potential of the serum of neutralizing the biological activity of an antigen can also be known.These tests are very common in labs when theassessment of the capability of a serum against microbial toxins, or viruses is needed. They are however, highly specific and sensitive and are considered as reference methods for every serological evaluation. In the case of viruses, we can determine the capability of a given serumfor neutralizing the virus infectivity on a susceptible cell line.A viral solution, of a uniform concentration and which has previously been in contact with different dilutions of the test serum, is added to the cell culture. The observation of the cells at different times allows one to see if these cells are being infected or not by the virus, using either conjugated dyes or looking for the cytopatic effect. We can measure, in this way, the serumcapability for neutralizing the virus. Fig. Infected cell layer. Laboratory techniques for monoclonal immunoglobulin measurement Following arelaboratory methods used to identify and quantify monoclonal immunoglobulins. SERUM PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS The serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) method determines specific proteinsin the blood to help identify some diseases. Serum protein electrophoresis uses an electrical field to separate the proteins in the blood seruminto groups of similar size, shape, and charge. Blood serum contains two major protein groups: albumin and globulin. Both carry substances through the bloodstream. Using protein electrophoresis, these two groups can be separated into five smaller groups: Albumin. Alpha-1 globulin. Alpha-2 globulin. Beta globulin. Gamma globulin. Each of these five protein groups moves at a different rate in an electrical field and together form a specific pattern. This pattern helps in identifying diseases. Fig.Schematic of serum protein electrophoresis.The position of polyclonal Ig’s in normal serum and the anode (+) and cathode (-) are indicated. CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS This method is an alternative way to agarose gel electrophoresis for the measurement of serum proteins. Protein separation is performed in a liquid buffer system. The separated proteins pass an U.V detector that measures absorbance at 200 to 215 nm to determine the protein concentration. Fig. CZE.(A)Normal serum.(B)Monoclonal protein peak in ÃŽ ³-region, indicated by a small arrow on right. IMMUNOFIXATION ELECTROPHORESIS For this method, a patient’s serum is applied to several wells of an agarose gel, and after electrophoresis, specific antisera are overlaid on individual lanes of the gel. These antisera are typically against IgG, IgA, IgM, and ÃŽ », although other specificities may be useful for identifying unusual bands. A lane fixed with acid is also included for comparison. Following removal of the antisera, gels are washed and stained with Brilliant Blue or Amido Black. Although IFE is non-quantitative, it is regarded as the â€Å"gold standard† method to confirm the presence of a monoclonal protein and to distinguish its heavy and light chain type. Fig. Serum immunofixation electrophoresis. (A)Normal serum.(B)Monoclonal IgGÃŽ » intact immunoglobulin.(C, D)Monoclonal IgDÃŽ » intact immunoglobulin with ÃŽ » FLCs. FÃŽ »: anti-free ÃŽ » antisera. IMMUNOSUBTRACTION: Immunosubtraction can be used in place of IFE for typing the majority of monoclonal bands, but it is less sensitive. In this technique, Ig’s against IgG, IgA, IgM, are incubated with serum aliquots, then CZE is performed to determine which reagent remove an electrophoretic abnormality. Fig. IgGÃŽ º immunosubtraction example.The monoclonal protein peak is removed with addition of anti-IgG and -ÃŽ º antibodies. URINE CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS The measuring of urine proteins by CZE is more challenging than serum analysis because urine have electrolytes, organic acids and other metabolites that can interfere with the test. To prevent this, urine samples need to be pre-treated by filtration, or dialysisand for this reason, the routine use of urine CZE is limited. Reason for Immunoglobulin Measurement Measurement of Ig’s is performed for two reasons: Detection of immunodeficiency Determination of the nature of a paraprotein in monoclonal gammopathies History of Procedures ELISA: Before 1970s, a radioimmunoassay using radioactively-labeled antigens or antibodies was the only test available. In a radioimmunoassay, the radioactivity provides the reporter signal indicating if a specific antigen or antibody is present in the sample. WESTERN BLOT Western blotting evolved from Southern blotting (Ref 1), invented byEdwin Southernat University of Edinburgh in 1975. BACTERIAL AGGLUTINATION: Two scientists, Herbert Edward Durham (-1945) andMax von Gruber(1853–1927), discovered specific agglutination in 1896. RIA: In 1950s, the radio-immunoassay (RIA) was developed by Rosalyn Yalow and Solomon Berson.  This group was later awarded the Nobel Prize in 1977 for developing an RIA to detect and measure blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. REFERENCES: http://autoimmunityblog.com/2011/09/28/orgentec-autoimmune-diagnostics-history-of-indirect-immunofluorescence-technology-ift/ http://www.sanidadanimal.info/cursos/inmun/quinto1.htm#ELISA https://ahdc.vet.cornell.edu/sects/clinpath/test/immun/igs.cfm http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis/Capillary_Electrophoresis http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Fluorescent+Antibody+Technique

The College Life :: essays research papers

The College Life Schedules are a difficult thing to balance. A person must find the time to complete a number of tasks in a day. A normal adult may have time to get everything done and still have time to spare. The normal college student on the other hand is constantly on the go. College students have busy schedules that include working, studying, and socializing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most college students work. How else are they going to have the money for all those late night pizza deliveries? Part time employees usually eat on the road on the way from school to work. They work about 5 or 6 hours a day and then head home tired and ready for bed. Maybe not every night but usually there is some kind of paper to be written or chapter to be read. Full time college students that are also full-time workers have to plan everything out in order to make the time to get everything done. One of the things most college students don’t make time for is housework. They often wait until everything is dirty to start the laundry. Dishes are another thing that tend to pile up. Breakfast, lunch, and dinner plates and glasses add up after a week.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  College students must find time in their busy schedules to study. In order to keep up they must do daily assignments. Reading every night helps to prepare for the exams. Taking notes in class and out of class are also necessary. Students also have exams at the end of the semester that require hours of studying. Waiting until the last minute and then cramming it all in is often a final resort. Many students who have kept up just go over and recall the information. All students must find time to study in order to pass.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To escape from studying and working college students are known for socializing. They may help out in service clubs. Visiting a nursing home can be relaxing and comforting for both people.

Gran Torino Transcultural Analysis Essay

Gran Torino starring Clint Eastwood was about a man’s struggle in adapting to the changes in his environment when confronted by unfamiliar exposure to cultural differences. The film was chosen because it told a story about one’s struggle with traditional practice, cultural diversity, gender roles, and the acceptance of others. In terms of culture, there was an abundance of traditional practices related to the Hmong community. The screenplay was written by Nick Schenk and the movie was filmed in July 2008 (Longwell, T). Gran Torino was directed and produced by Clint Eastwood, who also played the role of the main character known as Walt Kowalski. Walt was an American man and a Korean War veteran who resided in a neighborhood that became inhabited by Hmong families (Gran Torino, 2008). The relationship that Walt had with his own family was disconnected and distant because his sons embraced the modern way of living but Walt was more traditional. Walt was portrayed as a grum py old man who did not like to socialize with others. All of that changed when Walt became associated with the Hmong children next door, Thao and Sue. Walt saved Thao from being taken by the Hmong gang members and was viewed as a hero by the Hmong families despite the fact that Walt was just trying to keep other people off his lawn. Upon an unexpected invitation by Sue, Walt’s world became intertwined with the Hmong community as he was introduced to various traditional Hmong customs and foods. After a series of events, the Hmong gang returned and injured Thao’s family which prompted Walt to seek redemption from his war past by sacrificing himself for the safety of Thao and Sue. The film portrayed culture clashes between an American and Hmong families while focusing on the struggles that Hmong immigrants endure to survive within their community. The Hmong population was great in Minneapolis, Minnesota and it was the original setting of Gran Torino and also the home town of screenplay writer Nick Schenk (Longwell). Schenk had never written any other featured films prior to Gran Torino and it was his first recognized piece. In the early 90s, Schenk worked at a factory where many of his co-workers were Hmong and he gained some knowledge about the history of Hmong people (Longwell). The Hmong sided with the U.S during the Vietnam War but ended up in refugee camps due to communist takeover after the U.S. troops left, which resulted in the Hmong fleeing to the U.S. to escape from the communist forces (Gran  Torino, 2008). Schenk began to incorporate Hmong families into the story with a Korean War veteran to emphasize a clash of cultures. The intended purpose of this film was to express the cultural barriers in the language, customs, and gender roles between Hmong people and Americans. The writers and directors did a great job on portraying masculinity as the perceived dominant role between the characters. In Gran Torino, Walt criticized Thao for doing things that men are not supposed to do such as gardening. Thao does a good job in representing role reversal because he was proud to do women chores like washing the dishes and gardening. Walt tried his best to look after Thao and made Thao masculine by teaching him how to talk to other â€Å"real† men. Walt believed that real American men are supposed to be strong, fight for themselves, pay taxes, and work hard at a hands-on laboring job. Walt eventually helped Thao become a man by getting him a â€Å"real† job, tools for construction work, and social skills to interact with other men. This film was derived from Schenk’s prior experience as a factory worker with other Hmong people and this writer did not create any other significant work subsequent to the production of Gran Torino. The plot of t he movie was to show how two different types of culture collide and interact. In addition, there was also indication that masculinity in males was important as shown by the main character, Walt. The sub-plot was to show the viewers that men are not supposed to be barbaric but to become a sophisticated people with class and follow society’s rule. The main characters were Walt Kowalski, Spider, Thao, and Thao’s older sister, Sue. Walt played the dominating male that represented how a real man should be. Spider, Thao and Sue’s cousin, represented an antagonist barbaric villain that supposed to be a gangster whom terrorized Walt’s neighborhood. Thao played an innocent feminine teenage role that Walt believed was not masculine, but has class and self-respect. Sue played the smart, sophisticated, typical school Asian girl who ended up getting injured by her cousin, Spider, and his gang. It was through the interaction with Sue and Walt that the viewers were able to experience Hmong history and cultural customs. In one of the scenes during a car ride home, Sue explained to Walt the origin of Hmong people and she also invited him to her house for meal where Walt thoroughly enjoyed the foods of Hmong culture. Walt and Spider treated Thao like a child because they both wanted to teach Thao how to become a man. Spid er taught Thao that  he needed to become a barbaric person to become a â€Å"real† man, while Walt taught Thao that hard work and following society norms was what a â€Å"real† man should do. Sue was the only main female character that was able to change Walt’s mind about Hmong people. Because of Sue’s persistence, Walt decided to help her and her family from Spider and his gang. Walt became the protagonist at the end of the movie by risking his own life to bring down Spider and his gang and restoring peace to the community. My opinion about the film was that the director did a good job on portraying masculinity and how a real man should act and treat a woman. There were a lot of racism coming out of Walt’s mouth about Asians, but in the end, I believed he had a change of heart about his Hmong neighbors. I believe he came to realizations that not all Asians are the same as he remembered during his Korean War days. The way Walt finally gave a confession to the priest and how he died for his neighbor was really unexpected. The acting of Walt’s character by Clint Eastwood was really good as well. Walt’s character caught my attention and made me want to know more about his previous life, especially when he talked about how he was in the Kore an War. The cinematography could have been better and at times, it felt like I was watching a biography rather than a movie. One of the flaws was that Walt did not get in a fight for his rude behavior towards everyone that he encountered. Another flaw was that he sacrificed his life for a neighbor when he knew that he could have called the cops on Spider and his crew for possession of a fire arm and shooting his neighbor’s house, rather than choosing death at the end. Also, I believed the movie could have been better if they left out his illness from the doctor’s visit. If they had left that out and continued with the suicidal death in the end rather than risking Walt’s life because of a terminal illness, Walt’s character would have been more heroic. On the contrary, a strength of the movie was when Sue corrected Walt about the pronunciation of her race while giving him a history of where Hmong people came from and why they immigrated to America. The ultimate strength was when Walt died for his neighbor by going to Spider’s apartment complex with witnesses around to see h im get murdered. Throughout the movie, the film showed the audience that Walt always carried a gun to scare off his foes, but at the end, he realized that he did not need a weapon to bring down Spider and his gang. One of the things that I learned from the film was that nurses should not be too quick to judge someone based on appearance, like how Walt called all the Asians â€Å"gooks† without knowing their nationality. In one of the scenes in the movie, Walt was in the waiting room at the hospital for a check-up and a nurse mispronounced his name. The nurse called him â€Å"Koski† while his name was â€Å"Kowalski.† Walt gave her a disgusting look and the nurse did not apologize or asked if she was mispronouncing his name or not. As a future nurse, I want to maintain a professional role and acknowledge patients by their correct name. Correctly pronouncing a patient’s name also eliminates human error and also prevents doctors from diagnosing the wrong person. In conclusion, I would recommend this movie to people who are uneducated about Asian culture. There were a lot of racist terms that Walt used in the movie about Asians and the stereotypes of Asians eating dogs which are not true. I would rate the movie a 4 out of 5 stars because the movie was rich in cultural content and character development. The film is appropriate for audiences ages 13 and up and mainly geared toward mal es. There were a lot of violent content and gang related terms involved. As a result of watching this movie, I learned that one can change if surrounded by the right people under inevitable circumstances such as Walt’s culture clash with his Hmong neighbors. In addition, helping one another was the most rewarding take home message of Gran Torino. Whether I am helping a patient or just lending a helping hand to my next door neighbor, I will remember to be kind as to prevent one another from going down the wrong paths. References Eastwood, C. (Producer & Director). (2008). Gran torino [Motion Picture]. Burbank, CA: Warner Bros. Longwell, T. (2008). Eastwood recognizes Hmong immigrants with new film. Reuters. Retrieved May 27, 2014, from http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/12/09/us-gran-idUSTRE4B81ZC20081209